1. Which scientist proposed the chromosome theory of inheritance, suggesting that genes are located on chromosomes?
a. Gregor Mendel
b. Thomas Hunt Morgan
c. Alfred Russel Wallace
d. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Answer: b. Thomas Hunt Morgan
2. During which stage of the cell cycle does crossing over occur, promoting genetic recombination?
a. Prophase I of meiosis
b. Metaphase II of meiosis
c. Anaphase of mitosis
d. Telophase of meiosis
Answer: a. Prophase I of meiosis
3. What is the term for a pair of genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together?
a. Homozygous genes
b. Linked genes
c. Allelic genes
d. Recombinant genes
Answer: b. Linked genes
4. In a dihybrid cross, what is the ratio of phenotypes expected from the independent assortment of two genes located on different chromosomes?
a. 1:1
b. 3:1
c. 9:3:3:1
d. 1:2:1
Answer: c. 9:3:3:1
5. What genetic phenomenon involves the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes?
a. Segregation
b. Independent assortment
c. Crossing over
d. Genetic drift
Answer: c. Crossing over
6. Which chromosome determines the sex of an individual in humans?
a. Autosome
b. X chromosome
c. Y chromosome
d. Z chromosome
Answer: c. Y chromosome
7. What is the term for the condition where an individual has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the usual two?
a. Monosomy
b. Trisomy
c. Aneuploidy
d. Polyploidy
Answer: b. Trisomy
8. In humans, which sex chromosome combination results in a female individual?
a. XX
b. XY
c. YY
d. X0
Answer: a. XX
9. What is the process by which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during meiosis?
a. Segregation
b. Independent assortment
c. Crossing over
d. Mutation
Answer: c. Crossing over
10. What is the significance of the Lyon hypothesis in genetics?
a. It explains genetic drift.
b. It describes the process of crossing over.
c. It accounts for X-inactivation in females.
d. It defines the law of independent assortment.
Answer: c. It accounts for X-inactivation in females.
11. Which type of genetic disorder is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21?
a. Turner syndrome
b. Down syndrome
c. Klinefelter syndrome
d. Hemophilia
Answer: b. Down syndrome
12. What is the term for a gene located on a sex chromosome, particularly the X or Y chromosome?
a. Autosomal gene
b. Sex-linked gene
c. Linked gene
d. Dominant gene
Answer: b. Sex-linked gene
13. In Drosophila melanogaster, what sex determination system is used, where males are XY and females are XX?
a. ZW system
b. XO system
c. XY system
d. Haplo-diploid system
Answer: c. XY system
14. In humans, which type of allele masks the expression of the other allele, and is typically represented by an uppercase letter?
a. Recessive allele
b. Codominant allele
c. Dominant allele
d. Incomplete dominant allele
Answer: c. Dominant allele
15. What is the process of the random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes into gametes during meiosis called?
a. Crossing over
b. Independent assortment
c. Genetic recombination
d. X-inactivation
Answer: b. Independent assortment
16. What condition occurs when both alleles of a gene in a heterozygous individual contribute to the phenotype, resulting in a distinct phenotype?
a. Incomplete dominance
b. Codominance
c. Polygenic inheritance
d. Epistasis
Answer: b. Codominance
17. In a test cross, if an individual with a dominant phenotype is crossed with an individual with a recessive phenotype, what is the expected outcome for the offspring?
a. All offspring will have dominant phenotypes.
b. All offspring will have recessive phenotypes.
c. Half of the offspring will have dominant phenotypes, and half will have recessive phenotypes.
d. The outcome cannot be predicted.
Answer: c. Half of the offspring will have dominant phenotypes, and half will have recessive phenotypes.
18. Which chromosome abnormality results in a male individual with an extra X chromosome (XXY)?
a. Turner syndrome
b. Down syndrome
c. Klinefelter syndrome
d. Cri du chat syndrome
Answer: c. Klinefelter syndrome
19. What is the name of the phenomenon where the expression of an allele is influenced by its parental origin?
a. X-inactivation
b. Genomic imprinting
c. Mendelian inheritance
d. Pleiotropy
Answer: b. Genomic imprinting
20. In humans, which sex is more likely to be affected by sex-linked recessive disorders?
a. Males
b. Females
c. Both equally
d. Neither
Answer: a. Males
21. What prevented the scientific community from approving Mendel’s idea?
1. Although Mendel’s factors mixed, natural alterations were largely distinct
2. Mendel’s factors were distinct, but natural changes merged.
3. Mendel’s factors and organic alterations were both distinct.
4. Natural changes and Mendel’s factors both combined.
Answer- Option (2) is correct.
22. Mendel’s work received little attention as a result of _______.
1. Lack of communication skills
2. He was deaf
3. The absence of effective communication channels
4. Him being imprisoned and held hostage
Answer- Option (3) is correct.
23. Mendel’s work had a number of severe flaws, one of which was _________.
1. His research on pea plants
2. Failure to demonstrate that the factors are continuous
3. Inability to separate variables
4. Failure to create appropriate notes
Answer- Option (3) is correct.
24. The variation in nature is ________.
1. Continuous
2. Discontinuous
3. Uniform
4. Discrete
Answer- Option (1) is correct.
25. What method that Mendel utilized was completely novel?
1. Biological phenomena studied using mathematics
2. Plant hybridization
3. Garden pea plant cultivation
4. Emasculation
Answer- Option (1) is correct.
26. What is an equational division?
1. Mitosis
2. Meiosis
3. Cleavage
4. Fission
Answer- Option(a) is correct.
27. What part did Correns, von Tschermak, and de Vries play in Mendel’s research?
1. Rediscovering his work
2. Challenging Mendel
3. Replicating Mendel’s findings in a lab setting
4. Correlating chromosomal mobility with Mendel’s predictions
Answer- Option (1) is correct.
28. What was the name of the colored objects that were seen in the nucleus during the process of division?
1. Chromosomes
2. Genes
3. DNA
4. RNA
Answer- Option (1) is correct.
29. What did Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri contribute to Mendel’s work?
1. The work was rediscovered
2. Taking on Mendel
3. Conducting Mendel’s tests under laboratory conditions
4. Correlation between chromosomal mobility and predictions made by Mendel
Answer- Option (4) is correct.
30. Why do genes and chromosomes behave in ways that are similar throughout cell division?
1. Gene learns from chromosomes
2. Chromosome learns from genes
3. Chromosome contains genes
4. Gene contains chromosomes
Answer- Option (3) is correct.
31. The segregation of alleles on one characteristic did not affect the segregation of alleles on another trait. This is based on ____________.
1. Mendel’s law of heredity
2. Mendel’s law of Independent Assortment
3. Mendel’s law of Segregation
4. Mendel’s law of dominance.
Answer- Option (3) is correct.
32. There are enormous polytene chromosomes in __________.
1. Fruit fly egg
2. Fruit fly larval salivary gland
3. Fruit fly adult salivary gland
4. All of the aforementioned
Answer- Option (2) is correct.
33. How can the homozygous or heterozygous status of the parent progeny be determined?
1. Test cross
2. Back cross
3. Monohybrid cross
4. Reciprocal cross
Answer- Option (1) is correct.
34. Finding out the specifics of __________ was the aim of the Human Genome Project.
1. SNRPs
2. 3D DNA structure
3. Junk DNA
4. VNTRs
Answer- Option (3) is correct.
35. DNA replication happens in a __________ way.
1. Conservative
2. Semi-conservative
3. Non-conservative
4. Disruptive
Answer- Option (2) is correct.