1. What does the term “biodiversity” refer to?
a. The number of endangered species
b. The variety of life on Earth, including genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity
c. The total population of a particular species
d. The distribution of organisms in a specific region
Answer: b. The variety of life on Earth, including genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity
2. Which of the following is a direct threat to biodiversity caused by human activities?
a. Volcanic eruptions
b. Earthquakes
c. Deforestation
d. Climate change
Answer: c. Deforestation
3. What is the main goal of conservation biology?
a. To increase human population
b. To protect and preserve biodiversity and ecosystems
c. To maximize resource extraction
d. To eliminate invasive species
Answer: b. To protect and preserve biodiversity and ecosystems
4. Which international agreement aims to conserve biodiversity, promote sustainable use of biological resources, and ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources?
a. Montreal Protocol
b. Kyoto Protocol
c. Cartagena Protocol
d. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
Answer: d. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
5. What is the term for the complete loss of a species from a particular habitat or the entire planet?
a. Extinction
b. Endemism
c. Speciation
d. Endangerment
Answer: a. Extinction
6. Which of the following is an example of an in-situ conservation method?
a. Seed banks
b. Zoos
c. Wildlife sanctuaries
d. Botanical gardens
Answer: c. Wildlife sanctuaries
7. What is the primary cause of the decline in global biodiversity?
a. Natural disasters
b. Climate change
c. Human activities
d. Alien abductions
Answer: c. Human activities
8. What is the term for the variety of different species in a given area or habitat?
a. Genetic diversity
b. Ecosystem diversity
c. Species diversity
d. Taxonomic diversity
Answer: c. Species diversity
9. Which strategy involves the conservation of a single species to benefit an entire ecosystem?
a. Keystone species conservation
b. Flagship species conservation
c. Umbrella species conservation
d. In-situ conservation
Answer: c. Umbrella species conservation
10. What is the purpose of a biodiversity hotspot?
a. A region with high levels of pollution
b. A region with low biodiversity
c. A region with high species richness and a high level of threat
d. A region with low human population
Answer: c. A region with high species richness and a high level of threat
11. What is the term for the intentional release of a species into a new habitat to control another species’ population?
a. Conservation breeding
b. In-situ conservation
c. Ex-situ conservation
d. Biological control
Answer: d. Biological control
12. Which of the following is a method of ex-situ conservation?
a. National parks
b. Wildlife sanctuaries
c. Seed banks
d. Biosphere reserves
Answer: c. Seed banks
13. Which factor contributes significantly to the loss of biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems?
a. Overgrazing by herbivores
b. Air pollution
c. Coral bleaching
d. Deforestation
Answer: c. Coral bleaching
14. What is the main purpose of establishing wildlife corridors?
a. To provide a safe habitat for endangered species
b. To facilitate the movement of organisms between fragmented habitats
c. To create barriers to prevent the spread of diseases
d. To promote tourism in natural areas
Answer: b. To facilitate the movement of organisms between fragmented habitats
15. Which conservation strategy focuses on protecting entire ecosystems rather than individual species?
a. Ecosystem-based conservation
b. Species-specific conservation
c. Habitat restoration
d. Genetic conservation
Answer: a. Ecosystem-based conservation
16. What is the primary purpose of the Red List maintained by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)?
a. To list endangered species
b. To identify invasive species
c. To catalog DNA sequences of various species
d. To track migratory patterns of birds
Answer: a. To list endangered species
17. Which of the following is a direct threat to marine biodiversity?
a. Afforestation
b. Ocean acidification
c. Sustainable fishing practices
d. Protected marine reserves
Answer: b. Ocean acidification
18. What is the term for the variety of ecosystems in a particular region?
a. Genetic diversity
b. Species diversity
c. Ecological diversity
d. Taxonomic diversity
Answer: c. Ecological diversity
19. Which international agreement focuses on the conservation and sustainable use of migratory species and their habitats?
a. Ramsar Convention
b. Bonn Convention
c. CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)
d. Migratory Bird Treaty Act
Answer: b. Bonn Convention
20. What is the term for the practice of using resources in a way that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs?
a. Sustainable development
b. Overexploitation
c. Habitat fragmentation
d. Habitat degradation
Answer: a. Sustainable development
21. The main causes of biodiversity loss today are:
1. habitat loss and fragmentation
2. over-exploitation
3. alien species invasions
4. Co-extinctions
Answer – a, habitat loss and fragmentation
22. When a threatened plant needs urgent measures to save it from extinction, the desirable approach is
1. in-situ conservation
2. ex-situ conservation
3. cryopreservation
4. biopreservation
Answer – b, ex-situ conservation
23. Which of the following pairs of an animal and a plant represents endangered organisms in India?
1. Banyan and black buck
2. Bentinckia nicobarica and red panda
3. Tamarind and Rhesus monkey
4. Cinchona and leopard
Answer – b, Bentinckia nicobarica and red panda
24. Which of the following is not included under in situ conservation?
1. National park
2. Biosphere reserve
3. sanctuary
4. Botanical garden
Answer – d, Botanical Garden
25. ____ is an endangered species of Indian medicinal plants
1. Garlic
2. Podophyllum
3. Amentotaxus
4. Ocimum
Answer – b, Podophyllum
26. What is an important reason for natural resource conservation?
1. Disturb the ecological balance
2. Preserve the biological diversity
3. Disruption of the quality of the environment
4. Hampering the biological species
Answer – b, Preserve the biological diversity
27. What is the significance of natural resource conservation?
1. Maintaining the ecological processes
2. Disturbing the ecological balance
3. Extinction of biological species
4. Disruption of the quality of the environment
Answer – a, Maintaining the ecological processes
28. What is the name of the species whose population has been reduced to a critical level?
1. Indeterminate
2. Rare
3. Vulnerable
4. Endangered
Answer – d, Endangered
29. What is the name of the species whose population has recently declined and continues to decline?
1. Endangered
2. Rare
3. Vulnerable
4. Indeterminate
Answer – c, Vulnerable
30. Probiotics are ________
1. New kinds of food allergens
2. Live microbial food supplement
3. Cancer inducing microbes
4. safe antibiotics
Answer – d, safe antibiotics
31. Which is the National aquatic animal of India?
1. Blue whale
2. Gangetic shark
3. River dolphin
4. Sea horse
Answer – c, River Dolphin
32. Red List contains data or information on
1. Marine vertebrates only
2. All economically important plants
3. whose products are in international trade
4. Threatened species
Answer – b, economically essential plants
33. Biodiversity loss is now one of the world’s most pressing crises. The primary reason for this is:
1. we cannot do anything about it
2. we are not responsible for this loss
3. we still do not know its entire extent
4. It affects only the developing countries
Answer – c, We still do not know its entire extent
34. The main difference between the “sixth extinction” and the previous five is the sixth extinction:
1. is mainly occurring on islands
2. is mainly affecting plants
3. is happening at a faster rate
4. does not involve human activities
Answer – c, is occurring at a faster rate.
35. In the tropics, which of the following contributes the least to species diversity?
1. Predictability
2. Predation
3. High productivity
4. Spatial homogeneity
Answer – d, Spatial homogeneity