1. What is the primary goal of recombinant DNA technology in biotechnology?
a. Cloning extinct species
b. Producing genetically modified organisms
c. Enhancing natural selection
d. Studying fossils
Answer: b. Producing genetically modified organisms
2. Which enzyme is commonly used to cut DNA at specific sequences during recombinant DNA technology?
a. RNA polymerase
b. DNA ligase
c. Restriction enzyme
d. DNA polymerase
Answer: c. Restriction enzyme
3. What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in biotechnology?
a. DNA amplification
b. DNA sequencing
c. Separating DNA fragments based on size
d. Synthesizing RNA
Answer: c. Separating DNA fragments based on size
4. In the context of gene expression, what does the term “transcription” refer to?
a. Synthesizing RNA from DNA
b. Synthesizing DNA from RNA
c. Replicating DNA
d. Translating mRNA into proteins
Answer: a. Synthesizing RNA from DNA
5. Which biotechnological application involves the use of living organisms, such as bacteria or yeast, to produce useful products like insulin or antibiotics?
a. Genetic engineering
b. Cloning
c. Fermentation
d. DNA fingerprinting
Answer: c. Fermentation
6. What is the primary purpose of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in biotechnology?
a. Separating DNA fragments
b. Cloning organisms
c. Amplifying DNA segments
d. Cutting DNA at specific sites
Answer: c. Amplifying DNA segments
7. Which technique is used to transfer genes into plant cells for genetic modification?
a. Electroporation
b. Microinjection
c. Gene gun method
d. CRISPR-Cas9
Answer: c. Gene gun method
8. What does CRISPR-Cas9 technology allow scientists to do in the field of biotechnology?
a. Amplify DNA
b. Cut DNA at specific locations
c. Clone organisms
d. Analyze DNA sequences
Answer: b. Cut DNA at specific locations
9. Which of the following is an example of a genetically modified (GM) crop?
a. Wild rice
b. Corn with pest-resistant genes
c. Native wheat
d. Organic tomatoes
Answer: b. Corn with pest-resistant genes
10. In gene therapy, what is the main goal of introducing therapeutic genes into a patient’s cells?
a. To enhance natural selection
b. To cure genetic disorders
c. To create genetically modified organisms
d. To study fossils
Answer: b. To cure genetic disorders
11. What is the function of the enzyme DNA ligase in recombinant DNA technology?
a. Cuts DNA at specific sites
b. Amplifies DNA segments
c. Joins DNA fragments together
d. Transcribes RNA from DNA
Answer: c. Joins DNA fragments together
12. Which technique is used to determine the sequence of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule?
a. Gel electrophoresis
b. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
c. DNA fingerprinting
d. DNA sequencing
Answer: d. DNA sequencing
13. What is the role of the vector in gene cloning?
a. Separates DNA fragments based on size
b. Amplifies DNA segments
c. Carries foreign DNA into host cells
d. Cuts DNA at specific sites
Answer: c. Carries foreign DNA into host cells
14. Which of the following is a potential application of synthetic biology?
a. DNA profiling
b. Cloning
c. Designing novel organisms
d. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
Answer: c. Designing novel organisms
15. In DNA fingerprinting, what is analyzed to identify individuals?
a. Restriction enzymes
b. Gel electrophoresis patterns
c. RNA sequences
d. DNA ligase activity
Answer: b. Gel electrophoresis patterns
16. What is the primary purpose of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in genetic engineering?
a. DNA sequencing
b. DNA amplification
c. Cutting DNA at specific locations
d. Joining DNA fragments
Answer: c. Cutting DNA at specific locations
17. In agricultural biotechnology, what does the term “transgenic” refer to?
a. Traditional breeding methods
b. Genetic modification using recombinant DNA technology
c. Cloning of organisms
d. Hybridization of plants
Answer: b. Genetic modification using recombinant DNA technology
18. Which biotechnological technique is used for the identification of individuals based on unique patterns in their DNA?
a. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
b. Gene therapy
c. DNA fingerprinting
d. Gel electrophoresis
Answer: c. DNA fingerprinting
19. What is the significance of the Human Genome Project in biotechnology?
a. Identifying and mapping all human genes
b. Cloning humans
c. Creating genetically modified organisms
d. Enhancing natural selection
Answer: a. Identifying and mapping all human genes
20. In stem cell technology, what is the unique property of stem cells that makes them valuable for medical applications?
a. Ability to differentiate into specialized cell types
b. Resistance to diseases
c. Long lifespan
d. Ability to replicate DNA rapidly
Answer: a. Ability to differentiate into specialized cell types
21. Before examining the biological basis of the hereditary human illness sickle-cell anemia, a researcher first isolates DNA from an affected person’s cells. The subsequent step involves using
a. Restriction enzymes, which fragment DNA into smaller pieces at known places.
b. Gel electrophoresis, which isolates the DNA from other cell fragments.
c. DNA ligases that help DNA bind to one another
d. DNA polymerase, which creates new copies of DNA.
Answer- Option (a) is correct.
22. The usage of agarose derived from seaweeds is
a. Spectrophotometry
b. Gel electrophoresis
c. PCR
d. Tissue culture
Answer- Option (b) is correct.
23. Plants resistant to _____ have been created with the application of RNA interference.
a. Pests
b. Yeast
c. Nematodes
d. Viruses
Answer- Option(c) is correct.
24. A successful polymerase chain reaction cannot be carried out without which of the following?
a. All four DNA bases
b. DNA Polymerase
c. Both A and B
d. Only A
Answer- Option(c) is correct.
25. Read statements (1-4) through to the end.
(1) Rosie, the first transgenic buffalo, produced milk enhanced with human alpha lactal albumin.
(2) Restriction enzymes are employed in the separation of DNA from other macromolecules.
(3) One stage of R-DNA technology is downstream processing.
(4) To introduce R-DNA into the host, disarmed pathogen vectors are also utilized.
Which two statements stated above are correct?
a. Statements 2 and 4
b. Statements 3 and 4
c. Statements 1 and 3
d. Statements 2 and 3
Answer- Option (b) is correct.
26. Which kind of rice was patented by a U.S. company, despite the fact that the majority of variants of this rice are found in India?
a. Co-667
b. Sharbati Sonora
c. Lerma Roja
d. Basmati
Answer- Option(d) is correct.
27. Why is it that species as different as bacteria and humans can have their DNA analyzed using the same fundamental methods?
a. Every cell in every creature is identical.
b. Every organism has the same quantity of DNA.
c. All creatures have the same DNA sequence.
d. All organisms have the same DNA structure.
Answer- Option(d) is correct.
28. The cultivation of Bt cotton has received a great deal of interest. What does “Bt” stand for?
a. Cotton seeds with barium added
b. Possessing a gene for a Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin
c. Biotechnology-based production
d. Cotton thread in a larger size with increased tensile strength
Answer- Option(b) is correct.
29. What is the process for introducing recombinant DNA into a host cell?
a. Growing the host cell in an ampicillin-containing growth media.
b. Covering the DNA with carbohydrates to encourage cell engulfment of the DNA.
c. Stimulating cells with electrical pulses or calcium ions to make them more permeable.
d. Administering proteins to host cells to increase their permeability.
Answer- Option(c) is correct.
30. What is an illustration of gene therapy?
a. The manufacture of the injectable hepatitis B vaccine
b. The development of vaccinations for edible crops like potatoes
c. The insertion of the adenosine deaminase gene in SCID patients
d. Creating children in test tubes by artificial insemination and implantation of fertilized eggs.
Answer- The correct option is (c).
31. What enzyme is responsible for the removal of nucleotides from DNA’s ends?
a. Endonuclease
b. Exonuclease
c. DNA ligase
d. Hind II
Answer- The correct option is (b).
32. Which of the following component(s) does biotechnology include?
(1) the creation of a gene
(2) in vitro fertilization
(3) fixing a gene that is incorrect;
(4) creating a DNA vaccine;
a. (1) and (2)
b. (2) and (3)
c. (3) and (4)
d. (1), (2), (3), and (4)
Answer- The correct option is (d).
33. Select the appropriate statement(s).
(1) IARI has created a vitamin C-rich mustard cultivar.
(2) The Pusa Sawani cultivar of Okra is aphid-resistant.
(3) The hairiness of the leaves improves insect pest resistance.
(4) Agriculture employs over 62% of the Indian population and accounts for around 33% of India’s GDP.
a. (1) and (2)
b. (2) and (3)
c. (1), (3), and (4)
d. None of these are correct.
Answer- The correct option is (c).
34. Which among the following is a commercial product made from genetically altered bacteria?
a. Thyroxine
b. Human insulin
c. Testosterone
d. Penicillin
Answer- The correct option is (b).
35. Which animals are transgenic?
a. Animals with foreign DNA in some cells
b. Animals with foreign DNA in all cells
c. Animals with foreign RNA in all cells
d. Both (a) and (c)
Answer- The correct option is (b).