1. Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur in the human digestive system?
a. Stomach
b. Small intestine
c. Large intestine
d. Esophagus
Answer: b. Small intestine
2. Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of starch into maltose in the mouth during digestion?
a. Amylase
b. Lipase
c. Trypsin
d. Pepsin
Answer: a. Amylase
3. In the stomach, what is the acidic digestive fluid secreted by gastric glands called?
a. Bile
b. Chyme
c. Pancreatic juice
d. Hydrochloric acid
Answer: d. Hydrochloric acid
4. Which organ produces bile, a digestive juice that emulsifies fats for better digestion and absorption?
a. Liver
b. Pancreas
c. Gallbladder
d. Small intestine
Answer: a. Liver
5. What is the primary function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?
a. Mechanical digestion
b. Nutrient absorption
c. Bile production
d. Enzyme secretion
Answer: b. Nutrient absorption
6. Which hormone stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes and bile into the small intestine?
a. Insulin
b. Glucagon
c. Gastrin
d. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Answer: d. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
7. What is the role of lacteals in the villi of the small intestine?
a. Absorption of water
b. Absorption of lipids
c. Absorption of glucose
d. Absorption of amino acids
Answer: b. Absorption of lipids
8. Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of proteins into peptides in the stomach?
a. Amylase
b. Lipase
c. Pepsin
d. Trypsin
Answer: c. Pepsin
9. What is the final product of carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine before absorption?
a. Monosaccharides
b. Disaccharides
c. Polysaccharides
d. Oligosaccharides
Answer: a. Monosaccharides
10. Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for the absorption of water and electrolytes?
a. Stomach
b. Small intestine
c. Large intestine
d. Esophagus
Answer: c. Large intestine
11. What is the function of bile salts in fat digestion?
a. Emulsification of fats
b. Activation of lipase
c. Breakdown of proteins
d. Neutralization of stomach acid
Answer: a. Emulsification of fats
12. Where does the majority of water absorption take place in the digestive system?
a. Stomach
b. Small intestine
c. Large intestine
d. Esophagus
Answer: c. Large intestine
13. Which enzyme is responsible for the digestion of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine?
a. Amylase
b. Lipase
c. Pepsin
d. Trypsin
Answer: b. Lipase
14. In the process of peristalsis, what is the role of smooth muscle in the digestive system?
a. Mechanical breakdown of food
b. Secretion of digestive enzymes
c. Propulsion of food along the digestive tract
d. Nutrient absorption
Answer: c. Propulsion of food along the digestive tract
15. Which of the following is a function of the pancreatic juice in digestion?
a. Emulsification of fats
b. Neutralization of stomach acid
c. Activation of pepsin
d. Absorption of water
Answer: b. Neutralization of stomach acid
16. What is the primary function of gastric pits in the stomach lining?
a. Absorption of nutrients
b. Secretion of mucus and digestive enzymes
c. Propulsion of food
d. Mechanical breakdown of food
Answer: b. Secretion of mucus and digestive enzymes
17. Which hormone stimulates the release of gastric juice in the stomach during the cephalic phase of digestion?
a. Gastrin
b. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
c. Secretin
d. Ghrelin
Answer: a. Gastrin
18. What is the primary function of the gallbladder in digestion?
a. Production of bile
b. Storage and concentration of bile
c. Absorption of nutrients
d. Neutralization of stomach acid
Answer: b. Storage and concentration of bile
19. Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive system?
a. Stomach
b. Small intestine
c. Liver
d. Esophagus
Answer: c. Liver
20. In the small intestine, what structures increase the surface area for nutrient absorption?
a. Rugae
b. Villi and microvilli
c. Plicae circulares
d. Gastric pits
Answer: b. Villi and microvilli
21. The release of pancreatic juice is stimulated by
1. enterokinase
2. cholecystokinin
3. secretin
4. Both 2 and 3
Answer – 4, Both 2 and 3
22. In vertebrates, lacteals are found in
1. ileum
2. ischium
3. esophagus
4. Ear
Answer – 1, ileum
23. The hormone that stimulates the stomach to secrete gastric juice is
1. Gastrin
2. Renin
3. Enterokinase
4. Enterogasterone
Answer – 1, Gastrin
24. Rennin acts on
1. milk changing casein into calcium para caseinate at 7.2 – 8.2 pH
2. protein in stomach
3. fat in intestine
4. milk changing casein into calcium para caseinate at 1-3 pH
Answer – 1, milk changing casein into calcium para caseinate at 7.2 – 8.2 pH
25. Where in the digestive system does most of the absorption of nutrients take place?
1. Stomach
2. Small intestine
3. Large intestine
4. Mouth
Answer – 2, Small intestine
26. Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrates in the mouth?
1. Amylase
2. Proteases
3. Lipase
4. pepsin
Answer – 1, amylase
27. What do you call the wavelike muscle contractions that move food through the digestive system?
1. Peristalsis
2. Segmentation
3. Excited
4. none of the above
Answer – 1, Peristalsis
28. What role does hydrochloric acid play in the stomach?
1. Breaks down carbohydrates
2. Breaks down proteins
3. Emulsify fat
4. none of the above
Answer – 2, Breaks down protein
29. What do you call the semi-solid mixture of food and digestive juices in the stomach?
1. Chyme
2. Bolas
3. Feces
4. none of the above
Answer – 1, Chyme
30. Which cells in the ‘Lieberkuhn crypts’ secrete the antibacterial lysozyme?
1. Argentaffin cells
2. Zymogen cells
3. Kupffer cells
4. Paneth cells
Answer – 4, Paneth Cells
31. Human primary dentition differs from permanent dentition in that it does not have the following types of teeth
1. Premolar
2. Molars
3. Canines
4. Incisors
Answer – 1, Premolar
32. A dental disease characterized by molting teeth is due to the presence of a certain chemical element in drinking water. Which of the following is that element?
1. Mercury
2. Chlorine
3. Fluorine
4. Boron
Answer – 3, Fluorine
33.When two friends are eating together at a dining table, one of them suddenly coughs while swallowing some food. This cough could have been due to improper movement of:
1. diaphragm
2. neck
3. tongue
4. epiglottis
Answer – 4, epiglottis
34. Cholecystokinin and duocrinin are secreted by
1. adrenal cortex
2. thyroid gland
3. pancreas
4. intestine
Answer – 4, intestine
35. Inhibition of gastric and stimulation of gastric, pancreatic, and bile secretions are controlled by hormones
1. gastrin, secretin, enterokinin, and cholecystokinin
2. enterogasterone, gastrin, pancreozymin, and cholecystokinin
3. gastrin, enterogasterone, cholecystokinin, and pancreozymin
4. secretin, enterogasterone, gastrin, and enterokinin
Answer – 1, Gastrin, secretin, enterokinin, cholecystokinin