1. Which of the following is a traditional method of plant breeding that involves crossing two varieties with desirable traits to produce offspring with improved characteristics?
a. Genetic engineering
b. Hybridization
c. Tissue culture
d. Mutation breeding
Answer: b. Hybridization
2. In animal husbandry, what is the term for the controlled mating of animals to produce offspring with specific traits?
a. Cloning
b. Hybridization
c. Selective breeding
d. Mutant breeding
Answer: c. Selective breeding
3. Which hormone is commonly used in plant tissue culture to induce the formation of roots on plant cuttings?
a. Auxin
b. Gibberellin
c. Cytokinin
d. Abscisic acid
Answer: a. Auxin
4. What is the process of introducing foreign genes into an organism to produce genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with desired traits?
a. Hybridization
b. Mutation breeding
c. Genetic engineering
d. Selective breeding
Answer: c. Genetic engineering
5. Which biotechnological technique involves the creation of genetically identical copies of a plant using a small piece of tissue?
a. Grafting
b. Hybridization
c. Mutation breeding
d. Cloning
Answer: d. Cloning
6. In the context of animal husbandry, what is artificial insemination?
a. The natural mating of animals in the wild
b. The transfer of genes between different species
c. The controlled mating of animals with specific traits
d. The introduction of sperm into the reproductive tract of a female without natural mating
Answer: d. The introduction of sperm into the reproductive tract of a female without natural mating
7. Which microorganism is commonly used in the fermentation process to produce bread, beer, and yogurt?
a. Escherichia coli (E. coli)
b. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
c. Lactobacillus
d. Streptococcus
Answer: b. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
8. What is the primary purpose of hybrid seeds in agriculture?
a. To increase genetic diversity
b. To produce plants with specific traits
c. To conserve endangered plant species
d. To create genetically modified organisms
Answer: b. To produce plants with specific traits
9. Which method is used to obtain disease-resistant plants by introducing a gene from a different species?
a. Grafting
b. Mutation breeding
c. Tissue culture
d. Genetic engineering
Answer: d. Genetic engineering
10. What is the name of the process by which bacterial cells take up foreign DNA from their surroundings and incorporate it into their own genome?
a. Cloning
b. Transformation
c. Hybridization
d. Selective breeding
Answer: b. Transformation
11. Which biotechnological process involves the introduction of a desirable trait into a plant through the use of a bacterium as a vector?
a. Cloning
b. Gene therapy
c. Tissue culture
d. Genetic transformation
Answer: d. Genetic transformation
12. In animal husbandry, what is the term for the process of maintaining and breeding animals in captivity to ensure a sustainable population for conservation purposes?
a. Selective breeding
b. Artificial insemination
c. In vitro fertilization
d. Captive breeding
Answer: d. Captive breeding
13. Which microorganism is commonly used in the production of antibiotics, such as penicillin?
a. Streptococcus
b. Escherichia coli (E. coli)
c. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
d. Penicillium
Answer: d. Penicillium
14. What is the purpose of using cryopreservation in the context of germplasm preservation?
a. To store seeds at low temperatures
b. To preserve genetic material in liquid nitrogen
c. To induce dormancy in plant seeds
d. To accelerate the growth of plants
Answer: b. To preserve genetic material in liquid nitrogen
15. Which technique involves the transfer of genes from one organism to another through the use of a plasmid as a vector?
a. Genetic transformation
b. Gene therapy
c. In vitro fertilization
d. Selective breeding
Answer: a. Genetic transformation
16. In aquaculture, what is the purpose of using a breeding program to produce fish with specific desirable traits?
a. To create genetically modified fish
b. To enhance resistance to diseases
c. To promote overfishing in natural habitats
d. To increase genetic diversity
Answer: b. To enhance resistance to diseases
17. Which method is used to propagate plants by growing them from small pieces of tissue in a nutrient medium under sterile conditions?
a. Cloning
b. Grafting
c. Tissue culture
d. Hybridization
Answer: c. Tissue culture
18. What is the term for the technique in which DNA fragments are separated based on their size using an electric field in a gel matrix?
a. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
b. Gel electrophoresis
c. Southern blotting
d. DNA sequencing
Answer: b. Gel electrophoresis
19. Which breeding technique involves crossing two different but related species to combine their desirable traits?
a. Hybridization
b. Mutation breeding
c. Inbreeding
d. Outbreeding
Answer: d. Outbreeding
20. What is the primary advantage of using biofertilizers in agriculture?
a. High cost-effectiveness
b. Low environmental impact
c. Rapid nutrient release
d. Long shelf life
Answer: b. Low environmental impact
21. How is the host plant’s resistance to a disease assessed?
1. By examining the leaves
2. Researching the seed
3. Analysing the genetic makeup of the plant
4. By cutting the stem
Answer- Option (3) is correct.
22. What of the following doesn’t cause crop losses?
1. Fungi
2. Bacteria
3. Viruses
4. Earthworms
Answer- Option (4) is correct.
23. Which of the following terms is used to describe organisms that are under the attack of pathogens?
1. A crop,
2. A variety
3. A host
4. A susceptible host
Answer- Option (4) is correct.
24. Which of the following describes a wheat crop variety?
1. Pusa Swarnim
2. Pusa Shubhra
3. Himgiri
4. Pusa Komal
Answer- Option (1) is correct.
25. What benefits do plants that are resistant to disease provide to the production of food?
1. Lessen reliance on fertilizers
2. Lessen reliance on fungicides
3. Lessen reliance on water
4. Lessen reliance on air
Answer- Option (2) is correct.
26. Which of the following is not a necessary stage in the breeding process for disease-resistant crops?
1. Crop harvesting
2. Germplasm screening
3. Hybridization of selected parents
4. Selection and assessment of hybrids
Answer- Option (1) is correct.
27. How do mutations occur?
1. Change in DNA
2. Change in the organism’s overall genetic makeup
3. Change in RNA
4. Change in the base sequence of genes
Answer- Option (4) is correct.
28. Which of the following crops has chili mosaic virus resistance?
1. Cowpea
2. Cauliflower
3. Chili
4. Brassica
Answer- Option (3) is correct.
29. Bhindi (Abelmoschus esculentus) which is resistant to the yellow mosaic virus has given rise to a novel variety known as _________
1. Pusa Sadabahar
2. Parbhani Kranti
3. Himgiri
4. Pusa Shubhra
Answer- Option (2) is correct.
30. Which of the following is employed to cause plant mutations?
1. Radiation
2. Water
3. Virus
4. Leaves
Answer- Option (1) is correct.
31. Which of the following does not constitute an improvement to food production?
1. Agroforestry
2. Plant Breeding
3. Tissue Culture
4. Deforestation
Answer- Option (4) is correct.
32 Who is credited with starting the white revolution in India?
1. Charles Darwin
2. M.S. Swaminathan
3. Herbert Boyer
4. Verghese Kurien
Answer- Option (4) is correct.
33. Which of the following procedures receives top priority in the administration of dairy farms?
1. A rise in milk production and quality
2. A rise in cattle size
3. A rise in cow numbers
4. A rise in buffalo numbers
Answer- Option (1) is correct.
34. To maximize the yielding potential, which of the following must be done?
1. Cows should be left alone
2. Cows should be well-cared for
3. Cows should be fed every other day
4. Cows should have limitless access to fodder
Answer- Option (2) is correct.
35. What breeding technique is ideal for animals whose output is below average?
1. interspecific hybridization
2. out-crossing
3. inbreeding
4. Out-breeding
Answer- Option (2) is correct.