1. What is the primary mechanism driving evolution, as proposed by Charles Darwin?
a. Genetic drift
b. Lamarckism
c. Natural selection
d. Artificial selection
Answer: c. Natural selection
2. Which scientist independently proposed the theory of natural selection around the same time as Charles Darwin?
a. Alfred Russel Wallace
b. Gregor Mendel
c. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
d. Thomas Malthus
Answer: a. Alfred Russel Wallace
3. What is the term for the process by which species evolve over long periods, leading to the development of new species?
a. Microevolution
b. Macroevolution
c. Genetic drift
d. Gene flow
Answer: b. Macroevolution
4. Which type of evolution involves small-scale changes in allele frequencies within a population over a short period?
a. Macroevolution
b. Microevolution
c. Adaptive evolution
d. Divergent evolution
Answer: b. Microevolution
5. What is the term for structures in organisms that have reduced or no function but may have had a function in ancestral species?
a. Vestigial structures
b. Homologous structures
c. Analogous structures
d. Adaptive structures
Answer: a. Vestigial structures
6. Which type of selection favors the extreme traits at both ends of a phenotypic range, leading to the reduction of intermediate traits?
a. Stabilizing selection
b. Directional selection
c. Disruptive selection
d. Artificial selection
Answer: c. Disruptive selection
7. In the context of evolution, what does the term “biological fitness” refer to?
a. Physical strength
b. Ability to survive and reproduce
c. Genetic diversity
d. Environmental adaptation
Answer: b. Ability to survive and reproduce
8. Which scientist’s experiments with pea plants laid the foundation for the understanding of inheritance and genetic variation?
a. Charles Darwin
b. Alfred Russel Wallace
c. Gregor Mendel
d. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Answer: c. Gregor Mendel
9. What is the name of the concept that explains the evolution of similar structures in unrelated species due to adaptation to similar environmental challenges?
a. Convergent evolution
b. Divergent evolution
c. Coevolution
d. Adaptive radiation
Answer: a. Convergent evolution
10. Which of the following is an example of postzygotic reproductive isolation?
a. Temporal isolation
b. Behavioral isolation
c. Hybrid inviability
d. Mechanical isolation
Answer: c. Hybrid inviability
11. What is the term for the process by which two or more species evolve traits in response to each other’s influence?
a. Natural selection
b. Coevolution
c. Convergent evolution
d. Divergent evolution
Answer: b. Coevolution
12. Which scientist proposed the idea of inheritance of acquired traits, suggesting that traits acquired during an organism’s lifetime could be passed on to offspring?
a. Charles Darwin
b. Alfred Russel Wallace
c. Gregor Mendel
d. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Answer: d. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
13. What is the term for the presence of homologous structures in different species, indicating a common evolutionary ancestry?
a. Analogous structures
b. Vestigial structures
c. Homologous structures
d. Adaptive structures
Answer: c. Homologous structures
14. Which type of evolution involves the rapid diversification of a common ancestor into a variety of forms in response to different environments?
a. Adaptive radiation
b. Convergent evolution
c. Divergent evolution
d. Microevolution
Answer: a. Adaptive radiation
15. What is the name of the process in which a small group of individuals establishes a new population with a different gene pool than the original population?
a. Genetic drift
b. Founder effect
c. Bottleneck effect
d. Migration
Answer: b. Founder effect
16. Which concept describes the idea that changes in gene frequencies occur due to random events, especially in small populations?
a. Genetic drift
b. Gene flow
c. Natural selection
d. Mutations
Answer: a. Genetic drift
17. What is the term for the gradual change in the inherited characteristics of a population over time?
a. Adaptation
b. Speciation
c. Evolution
d. Hybridization
Answer: c. Evolution
18. Which of the following is an example of prezygotic reproductive isolation?
a. Hybrid sterility
b. Mechanical isolation
c. Allopatric speciation
d. Adaptive radiation
Answer: b. Mechanical isolation
19. In the context of evolution, what is the significance of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
a. It represents an idealized, unchanging population.
b. It predicts the occurrence of genetic mutations.
c. It explains the process of natural selection.
d. It supports the concept of Lamarckism.
Answer: a. It represents an idealized, unchanging population.
20. Which of the following is a mechanism of reproductive isolation that occurs when two populations are geographically separated?
a. Temporal isolation
b. Behavioral isolation
c. Allopatric speciation
d. Sympatric speciation
Answer: c. Allopatric speciation
21. Which of the following is regarded as the direct ancestor of modern man?
1. Homo erectus
2. Ramapithecus
3. Homo habilis
4. Cro-magnon man
Answer- 1, Homo erectus
22. Darwin and Wallace proposed which organic evolution sequence?
1. Variations, natural selection, overproduction, constancy of population size
2. Overproduction, variations, constancy of population size, natural selection
3. Variations, overproduction, constancy of population size, natural selection.
4. Overproduction, constancy of population size, variations, natural selection
Answer- 3, Variations, overproduction, constancy of population size, natural selection.
23. Industrial melanism is an example of
1. defensive adaptation of skin against ultraviolet radiation
2. drug resistance
3. directional selection due to smoke from industries
4. the protective resemblance with the surroundings
Answer- 3, directional selection due to smoke from industries.
24. The homologous organs are those that show similarities in
1. size
2. origin
3. function
4. appearance
Answer- 2, origin
25. Genetic drift is a change of
1. gene frequency in the same generation
2. the appearance of recessive genes
3. gene frequency from one generation to next
4. None of the above
Answer- 3, gene frequency from one generation to the next.
26. Adaptive radiation refers to
1. adaptations due to geographical isolation
2. evolution of different species from a common ancestor
3. migration of members of a species to other geographical areas
4. power of transformation in an individual to a variety of environments
Answer- 2, evolution of different species from a common ancestor
27. The evolution of humans is closely related to which of the following features?
1. Loss of tail
2. Shortening of jaws
3. Binocular vision
4. Flat nails
Answer- 1, loss of tail
28. Darwin’s pangenesis theory is similar to the inheritance of acquired characters. Then what will be correct according to its function?
1. Organs become strong and developed, while useless organs become extinct.
2. These organs help in the struggle for survival sizes of organs increase with aging.
3. The development of organs is due to willpower
4. There should be some physical basis for inheritance.
Answer- 4, There should be some physical basis of inheritance.
29. ‘Golden age of dinosaurs’ Age of reptiles was
1. Mesozoic
2. Cenozoic
3. Palaeozoic
4. Psychozoic
Answer- 1, Mesozoic
30. Which of the following sentences is true about the evolutionary process?
1. There is no real progress in the idea of evolution
2. humans are unique, a new type of organism
3. progress is nature’s religion
4. The evolution of life forms was rapid in the beginning ages
Answer- 1, There is no real progress in the idea of evolution
31. Microevolution takes place due to
1. somatogenic variation
2. blastogenic variation
3. continuous variation
4. Successive variation
Answer- 3, continuous evolution
32. By studying analogous structures, we look for
1. similarities in appearance and function but differences in structure
2. similarities in appearance but differences in functions
3. Similarities in organ structure
4. Similarities in the cell make-up
Answer- 1, similarities in appearance and function but differences in structure.
33. Who was a predecessor of Darwin and developed the theory of acquired characteristics?
1. Weismann
2. Mendel
3. Malthus
4. Lamarck
Answer- 4, Lamarck
34. Which of these is not a living fossil?
1. Archaeopteryx
2. Duck-billed platypus
3. Lungfish
4. Frog
Answer- 4, Frog
35. Which of the following are not examples of analogous structures?
1. Wings of bat and butterfly.
2. Wings of bat and forelimb of cattle.
3. Thorn and spine.
4. Gloriosa tendril and Lathyrus tendril
Answer- 2, Wings of bat and forelimb of cattle.
36. The scientist who cut off the tails of successive rats to prove Lamarck’s theory wrong
1. Weismann
2. Haeckel
3. Darwin
4. Wallace
Answer- 1, Weismann
37. Human beings belong to the species of
1. Homo erectus
2. Homo habilis
3. Homo sapiens
4. Hominidae
Answer- 3, Homo sapiens