1. Which of the following is not a vector for transmitting diseases in humans?
a. Mosquito
b. Flea
c. Tick
d. Lizard
Answer: d. Lizard
2. Which infectious disease is caused by a protozoan parasite transmitted through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito?
a. Tuberculosis
b. Malaria
c. Cholera
d. Influenza
Answer: b. Malaria
3. What is the primary mode of transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
a. Airborne droplets
b. Sexual contact
c. Contaminated water
d. Mosquito bites
Answer: b. Sexual contact
4. Which of the following is a viral disease that affects the liver and is often transmitted through contaminated food or water?
a. Tuberculosis
b. Hepatitis
c. Influenza
d. Dengue fever
Answer: b. Hepatitis
5. Which organ is primarily affected by the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis?
a. Kidneys
b. Joints
c. Lungs
d. Liver
Answer: b. Joints
6. Which of the following is a water-borne bacterial disease that causes severe diarrhea and can lead to dehydration?
a. Tuberculosis
b. Cholera
c. Malaria
d. Dengue fever
Answer: b. Cholera
7. The causative agent of the common cold is primarily a:
a. Virus
b. Bacterium
c. Protozoan
d. Fungus
Answer: a. Virus
8. Which of the following is a vector-borne disease transmitted by the bite of infected ticks?
a. Dengue fever
b. Lyme disease
c. Typhoid
d. Chikungunya
Answer: b. Lyme disease
9. What is the primary mode of transmission of the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis?
a. Sexual contact
b. Airborne droplets
c. Contaminated food
d. Mosquito bites
Answer: b. Airborne droplets
10. Which of the following is a parasitic worm that commonly infects the human intestine?
a. Plasmodium
b. Ascaris lumbricoides
c. Trypanosoma
d. Giardia lamblia
Answer: b. Ascaris lumbricoides
11. Which of the following is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
a. Syphilis
b. Chlamydia
c. Gonorrhea
d. HIV
Answer: c. Gonorrhea
12. What is the primary target of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the immune system?
a. T lymphocytes (T cells)
b. B lymphocytes (B cells)
c. Red blood cells
d. Platelets
Answer: a. T lymphocytes (T cells)
13. Which viral disease is characterized by a painful rash and is caused by the varicella-zoster virus?
a. Measles
b. Chickenpox
c. Rubella
d. Polio
Answer: b. Chickenpox
14. Which of the following is an example of a non-communicable disease?
a. Tuberculosis
b. Influenza
c. Hypertension
d. Cholera
Answer: c. Hypertension
15. Which of the following is a vector for the transmission of the Zika virus?
a. Aedes aegypti mosquito
b. Anopheles mosquito
c. Culex mosquito
d. Flea
Answer: a. Aedes aegypti mosquito
16. Which organ is primarily affected by the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis?
a. Liver
b. Brain and spinal cord
c. Kidneys
d. Lungs
Answer: b. Brain and spinal cord
17. What is the causative agent of the bacterial disease tetanus?
a. Clostridium tetani
b. Streptococcus pyogenes
c. Escherichia coli
d. Salmonella typhi
Answer: a. Clostridium tetani
18. Which of the following is a parasitic infection caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted through the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes?
a. Dengue fever
b. Malaria
c. Typhoid
d. Leishmaniasis
Answer: b. Malaria
19. Which hormone is commonly associated with stress response in humans?
a. Estrogen
b. Testosterone
c. Cortisol
d. Insulin
Answer: c. Cortisol
20. Which viral infection is prevented by the MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) vaccine?
a. Chickenpox
b. Hepatitis B
c. Influenza
d. Rubella
Answer: d. Rubella
21. Malignant tertiary malaria is caused by Plasmodium:
1. Vivax
2. ovale
3. malariae
4. falciparum
Answer- d, Falciparum
22. The pathogens responsible for causing elephantiasis are transmitted to a healthy person through
1. Droplet
2. Female mosquito vector
3. Contaminated food and water
4. Sexual contact
Answer- 2, Female mosquito vector
23. Interferons are secreted by:
1. Liver
2. Spleen
3. Virus-infected cells
4. Lymphocytes
Answer- 3, Virus-infected cells
24. A recipient’s body rejects grafts due to the following type of immunity:
1. Innate immunity
2. Humoral immunity
3. Cell-mediated immunity
4. Either b or c
Answer- 3, cell-mediated immunity
25. Which blood cells reproduce HIV and produce progeny viruses?
1. Eosinophils
2. THcells
3. B-lymphocytes
4. Basophils
Answer- 2, THcells
26. Which of the following is used in the production of the recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine?
1. Yeast
2. Microsporum
3. Ecoli
4. Streptococcus
Answer- a, Yeast
27. Select the incorrect statement regarding acquired immunity.
1. Acquired immunity is a nonspecific type of defense present at birth.
2. A primary response occurs when our body first encounters a pathogen.
3. Subsequent encounters with the same pathogen provoke anamnestic reactions.
4. Anamnestic reactions are based on memories of the first encounter.
Answer- a, Acquired immunity is a nonspecific type of defense present at birth.
28. What are the protein coat and genetic material present in HIV?
1. ss RNA
2. ds RNA
3. ss DNA
4. ds DNA
Answer- a, ss RNA
29. Why is Cyclosporine used?
1. For allergy
2. As immunosuppressant
3. Prophylactic for virus
4. None of the above
Answer- b, Immunosuppressant
30. Foreign cells are lysed by?
1. IgM
2. IgA
3. IgE
4. IgM & IgG
Answer- d, IgM and IgG
31. Colostrum secreted from the mammary gland contains which type of antibodies?
1. lgMm
2. IgD
3. IgE
4. IgA
Answer- d, IgA
32. What is the function of antigen?
1. lowers body temperature
2. kills harmful bacteria
3. triggers the immune system
4. As an antidote to poison, it is used
Answer- c, triggers the immune system
33. In a primary immune response to an antigen, which of the following is a pentameric immunoglobulin?
1. IgG
2. IgM
3. IgA
4. Ige
Answer- b, IgM
34. If you suspect a major deficiency of antibodies in a person, to which of the following would you look for confirmatory evidence?
1. Serum globulins
2. Fibrinogen in plasma
3. Serum albumin
4. Haemocytes
Answer- a, Serum globulins
35. What is the largest percentage of immunoglobulins in human milk?
1. IgM
2. IgA
3. Igd
4. IgE
Answer- a, IgM