1. Which organ is responsible for the production of insulin and glucagon, hormones involved in blood sugar regulation?
a. Liver
b. Pancreas
c. Kidney
d. Spleen
Answer: b. Pancreas
2. What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?
a. Oxygenate blood
b. Filter impurities from air
c. Produce mucus
d. Pump blood to the lungs
Answer: a. Oxygenate blood
3. Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of proteins into peptides in the stomach?
a. Amylase
b. Lipase
c. Pepsin
d. Trypsin
Answer: c. Pepsin
4. In the cardiovascular system, which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?
a. Right atrium
b. Right ventricle
c. Left atrium
d. Left ventricle
Answer: d. Left ventricle
5. What is the role of the nephron in the urinary system?
a. Filtration of blood
b. Production of urine
c. Storage of urine
d. Transport of urine to the bladder
Answer: a. Filtration of blood
6. Which hormone is produced by the thyroid gland and regulates the body’s metabolism?
a. Insulin
b. Cortisol
c. Thyroxine
d. Epinephrine
Answer: c. Thyroxine
7. In the nervous system, what is the role of neurotransmitters?
a. Transmit electrical impulses within neurons
b. Stimulate muscle contraction
c. Control hormone production
d. Transmit signals between neurons
Answer: d. Transmit signals between neurons
8. What is the function of the cochlea in the auditory system?
a. Balance and spatial orientation
b. Detection of sound vibrations
c. Regulation of ear pressure
d. Conversion of sound waves into nerve impulses
Answer: d. Conversion of sound waves into nerve impulses
9. Which hormone is responsible for the regulation of blood calcium levels in the endocrine system?
a. Insulin
b. Estrogen
c. Parathyroid hormone
d. Melatonin
Answer: c. Parathyroid hormone
10. What is the primary role of bile in the digestive system?
a. Emulsification of fats
b. Neutralization of stomach acid
c. Activation of digestive enzymes
d. Absorption of nutrients
Answer: a. Emulsification of fats
11. Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating muscle movements, balance, and posture?
a. Cerebrum
b. Cerebellum
c. Medulla oblongata
d. Hypothalamus
Answer: b. Cerebellum
12. In the respiratory system, what is the primary function of the epiglottis?
a. Facilitate gas exchange
b. Produce mucus
c. Prevent food from entering the trachea
d. Control the rate of breathing
Answer: c. Prevent food from entering the trachea
13. Which hormone, produced by the adrenal glands, is released in response to stress and prepares the body for a “fight or flight” response?
a. Cortisol
b. Insulin
c. Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
d. Thyroxine
Answer: c. Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
14. What is the main function of the red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the circulatory system?
a. Transport oxygen
b. Fight infections
c. Clotting of blood
d. Carry nutrients
Answer: a. Transport oxygen
15. Which enzyme, produced by the salivary glands, initiates the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth?
a. Pepsin
b. Amylase
c. Lipase
d. Trypsin
Answer: b. Amylase
16. During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the ventricles contract, forcing blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta?
a. Diastole
b. Atrial systole
c. Ventricular diastole
d. Ventricular systole
Answer: d. Ventricular systole
17. What is the primary function of the gallbladder in the digestive system?
a. Digestion of proteins
b. Storage of bile
c. Absorption of nutrients
d. Synthesis of digestive enzymes
Answer: b. Storage of bile
18. Which hormone is responsible for the regulation of water balance and blood pressure in the kidneys?
a. Aldosterone
b. Insulin
c. Estrogen
d. Growth hormone
Answer: a. Aldosterone
19. In the endocrine system, what is the primary function of the pineal gland?
a. Regulation of body temperature
b. Production of melatonin
c. Control of blood sugar levels
d. Synthesis of adrenaline
Answer: b. Production of melatonin
20. What is the function of the lens in the human eye?
a. Detect light and color
b. Focus light onto the retina
c. Control the amount of light entering the eye
d. Convert light into nerve impulses
Answer: b. Focus light onto the retina
21. Among the glands mentioned below, which of the following is not involved in the process of digestion?
1. Stomach
2. Salivary Glands
3. Adrenal Gland
4. Liver
Answer – Option (3) is correct
22. Which of the following statements correctly explains the harmful effect of carbon monoxide on human breathing?
1. It causes damage to the Red Blood cells
2. It reduces the effective transport of Carbon Dioxide
3. It reduces the effective transport of Oxygen
4. It increases the effective transport of Carbon Dioxide
Answer – Option (3) is correct
23. Taking human breathing possess into consideration, select the correct statement out of the following.
1. The process of Inspiration is Passive but Expiration is Active.
2. The process of Inspiration is Active but Expiration is Passive.
3. Both Inspiration and Expiration are passive processes.
4. Both Inspiration and Expiration are active processes.
Answer – Option (2) is correct
24. White Blood cells are of many types depending upon their shape and function. Which of the following WBC is non-phagocytic?
1. Neutrophil
2. Monocyte
3. Macrophage.
4. Basophil
Answer – Option (4) is correct
25. An important part of human physiology is understanding how diseases function. Which of the indications can be used as a risk factor for identifying dengue?
1. Increase in the Platelet count.
2. Decrease in the Platelet count.
3. Decrease in the WBC count.
4. Decrease in the RBC count.
Answer – Option (2) is correct
26. In the human body, Carbon Dioxide can exist in many forms. Which form is the most frequently used to transport Carbon Dioxide?
1. Dissolved Carbon Dioxide.
2. Carbaminohaemoglobin.
3. Bicarbonate.
4. Urea
Answer – Option (3) is correct
27. ________ is secreted by stomach epithelial cells in the body.
1. Hydrochloric acid(HCl).
2. The hormone Oxytocin.
3. Pepsin.
4. Testosterone.
Answer – Option (1) is correct
28. An important aspect of human physiology is the effect of vitamins and minerals on the body. The deficiency of which vitamin can lead to night blindness?
1. Vitamin K
2. Vitamin D.
3. Vitamin C.
4. Vitamin A.
Answer – Option (4) is correct
29. The process of digestion turns food into a usable energy source. However, the nutrients must first be absorbed into the blood circulation so they can reach their target locations. Which cells are considered the functional units of the absorption process?
1. Villi.
2. Endothelial cells.
3. Small intestine.
4. Red blood cells.
Answer – Option (1) is correct.
30. Which of the following assertions is incorrect?
1. The Pituitary Gland is located near the base of the brain.
2. The adrenal glands are located above the kidneys.
3. Lymph nodes can only be found near the neck and armpits.
4. Thyroid glands do not have ducts.
Answer – Option (3) is correct.
31. Which epithelial cells form the inner lining of the trachea in humans?
1. Pseudostratified epithelium.
2. Simple Cuboidal epithelium.
3. Simple Squamous epithelium.
4. Simple Columnar epithelium.
Answer –Option (1) is correct.
32. Which part of the alimentary canal does not generate enzymes?
1. Mouth.
2. Stomach.
3. Duodenum.
4. Oesophagus.
Answer –Option (4) is correct.
33. The process of urine formation involves a sequence of essential steps that occur in the kidney. Select the correct sequence in order.
1. Filtration, Secretion, Reabsorption.
2. Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion.
3. Secretion, Filtration, Reabsorption.
4. None of these are correct.
Answer – Option (2) is correct.
34. The regulation of temperature by organisms is vital for their survival and metabolic stability. In terms of temperature regulation, select the option that correctly classifies humans.
1. Ectothermic
2. Endothermic
3. Poikilothermic
4. None of these
Answer –Option (2) is correct.
35. A patient is typically advised to increase the daily consumption of meat, legumes, milk, and eggs in the diet when he or she suffers from:
1. Kwashiorkor
2. Rickets
3. Anaemia
4. Scurvy
Answer-Option (1) is correct.