1. What is the primary function of antibodies in the immune system?
a. Directly kill pathogens
b. Phagocytosis
c. Activate complement system
d. Neutralize and tag pathogens
Answer: d. Neutralize and tag pathogens
2. Which cells are responsible for the production of antibodies in the immune system?
a. T cells
b. B cells
c. Natural killer cells
d. Macrophages
Answer: b. B cells
3. What is the process by which immune cells engulf and digest foreign particles or cells?
a. Phagocytosis
b. Apoptosis
c. Cytolysis
d. Chemotaxis
Answer: a. Phagocytosis
4. Which type of immunity is acquired through vaccination or exposure to a disease?
a. Innate immunity
b. Passive immunity
c. Active immunity
d. Natural immunity
Answer: c. Active immunity
5. What is the role of memory cells in the immune system?
a. Produce antibodies
b. Recognize and respond to specific antigens upon re-exposure
c. Initiate the inflammatory response
d. Activate T cells
Answer: b. Recognize and respond to specific antigens upon re-exposure
6. Which immunoglobulin is involved in the allergic response and is found on the surface of mast cells?
a. IgA
b. IgD
c. IgE
d. IgM
Answer: c. IgE
7. What is the main function of cytotoxic T cells in the immune system?
a. Produce antibodies
b. Kill infected or abnormal cells
c. Enhance phagocytosis
d. Activate B cells
Answer: b. Kill infected or abnormal cells
8. Which organ is often referred to as the primary lymphoid organ responsible for T cell maturation?
a. Spleen
b. Thymus
c. Bone marrow
d. Lymph nodes
Answer: b. Thymus
9. During an immune response, what is the purpose of the complement system?
a. Produce antibodies
b. Enhance phagocytosis
c. Activate T cells
d. Promote clotting
Answer: b. Enhance phagocytosis
10. What is the term for the phenomenon where antibodies or immune cells mistakenly target the body’s own cells and tissues?
a. Allergy
b. Autoimmunity
c. Immunodeficiency
d. Hypersensitivity
Answer: b. Autoimmunity
11. Which cells play a central role in coordinating the immune response and are often called “master regulators” of the immune system?
a. B cells
b. T cells
c. Macrophages
d. Natural killer cells
Answer: b. T cells
12. Which type of immunity is provided by the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another, such as through breast milk or placental transfer?
a. Innate immunity
b. Passive immunity
c. Active immunity
d. Natural immunity
Answer: b. Passive immunity
13. What is the primary function of helper T cells in the immune system?
a. Directly kill infected cells
b. Produce antibodies
c. Activate cytotoxic T cells and B cells
d. Engage in phagocytosis
Answer: c. Activate cytotoxic T cells and B cells
14. Which class of antibodies is the most abundant in the bloodstream and is involved in the primary immune response?
a. IgA
b. IgG
c. IgE
d. IgM
Answer: b. IgG
15. What is the purpose of vaccination in the context of immunology?
a. To provide passive immunity
b. To activate the complement system
c. To induce an immune response and establish active immunity
d. To inhibit phagocytosis
Answer: c. To induce an immune response and establish active immunity
16. Which cells are responsible for the rapid and non-specific defense against viral infections, often the first responders to infections?
a. B cells
b. T cells
c. Natural killer cells
d. Macrophages
Answer: c. Natural killer cells
17. What is the term for the unique molecular structures on pathogens that the immune system recognizes as foreign and against which an immune response is initiated?
a. Antibodies
b. Epitopes
c. Antigens
d. Receptors
Answer: c. Antigens
18. Which immunoglobulin is primarily found in external secretions, such as saliva and tears, providing localized immunity?
a. IgA
b. IgD
c. IgG
d. IgM
Answer: a. IgA
19. What is the role of memory T cells in the immune system?
a. Produce antibodies
b. Recognize and respond to specific antigens upon re-exposure
c. Initiate the inflammatory response
d. Enhance phagocytosis
Answer: b. Recognize and respond to specific antigens upon re-exposure
20. Which condition occurs when the immune system overreacts to a harmless substance, leading to symptoms like sneezing, itching, and swelling?
a. Autoimmunity
b. Immunodeficiency
c. Allergy
d. Hypersensitivity
Answer: c. Allergy
21. What cytokines are produced in response to viral infection?
1. Interferons
2. Monokines
3. Interleukins
4. Lymphokines
Answer- Option (1) is correct.
22. An organism’s capacity to fend off infections from pathogens is referred to as
1. Immunity
2. Infection
3. Hypersensitivity
4. Allergy
Answer- Option (1) is correct.
23. Which of the following does not characterize adaptive immunity?
1. Immunogenic memory
2. Non-specific antigens
3. Self- and non-self-recognition
4. Diversity
Answer- Option (2) is correct.
24. Which of the following does not constitute a desirable antigen?
1. Large size
2. Foreignness
3. High complexity
4. Only reproducible by binary fission
Answer- Option(d) is correct.
25. What particular antibody causes a main immune response?
1. IgG
2. IgM
3. IgA
4. IgE
Answer- Option (2) is correct.
26. Give the name of the nerve stimulator that causes inflammation-related discomfort.
1. Prostaglandins
2. Histamines
3. Bradikinins
4. Kinins.
Answer- Option (4) is correct.
27. Which of the following substances is NOT present in tears?
1. IgA
2. IgE
3. Lactoferrin
4. Lysozyme
Answer- Option (2) is correct.
28. What type of dendritic cell is not used as an antigen-presenting cell?
1. Follicular dendritic cell
2. Langerhans cell
3. Myeloid dendritic cell
4. Lymphoid dendritic cell
Answer- Option (1) is correct.
29. Identify the macrophages connected to the brain and spinal cord.
1. Alveolar macrophages
2. Kupffer cells
3. Mesangial cells
4. Microglial cells
Answer- Option (4) is correct.
30. Which chemical does the dendritic cell constitutively express?
1. The Class I MHC
2. The Class II MHC
3. APC
4. Antigen.
Answer- Option (2) is correct.
31. Which of the following cells contains an IgE receptor with a high affinity?
1. Mast cells
2. Dendritic cells
3. Eosinophils
4. Basophils
Answer- Option (4) is correct.
32. Which of the following cells is not a part of polymorphonuclear leukocytes?
1. Eosinophils
2. Mast cell
3. Basophils
4. Macrophages
Answer- Option (4) is correct.
33. Mark the cell that is not a lymphoid progenitor cell.
1. Monocyte
2. B-cell
3. T-cells
4. NK cells
Answer- Option (1) is correct.
34. Which class of pattern-recognition molecules serves only as signaling receptors?
1. CRP
2. Toll-like receptor
3. MBL
4. LPS
Answer- Option (2) is correct.
35. A lack of ________ leads to Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
1. Neutrophils
2. NK cells
3. basophils
4. mast cells
Answer- Option (2) is correct.