1. Which microorganism is commonly used in the production of antibiotics?
a. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
b. Escherichia coli
c. Penicillium notatum
d. Streptococcus pyogenes
Answer: c. Penicillium notatum
2. What is the primary function of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soil?
a. Decomposition of organic matter
b. Production of antibiotics
c. Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia
d. Fermentation of sugars
Answer: c. Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia
3. Which microorganism is involved in the process of curdling milk during the preparation of cheese?
a. Lactobacillus
b. Streptococcus
c. Clostridium
d. Saccharomyces
Answer: a. Lactobacillus
4. In the production of bread, what role do yeast cells play?
a. Fermentation of sugars
b. Photosynthesis
c. Nitrogen fixation
d. Antibiotic production
Answer: a. Fermentation of sugars
5. Which microorganism is used in the production of alcohol during fermentation?
a. Escherichia coli
b. Lactobacillus
c. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
d. Clostridium botulinum
Answer: c. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
6. What is the main role of Rhizobium bacteria in the context of agriculture?
a. Decomposition of dead plant material
b. Nitrogen fixation in legume roots
c. Formation of mycorrhizae
d. Fermentation of soil organic matter
Answer: b. Nitrogen fixation in legume roots
7. Which microbial process is involved in the conversion of milk into yogurt?
a. Fermentation
b. Pasteurization
c. Distillation
d. Antibiotic production
Answer: a. Fermentation
8. What is the function of bacteria in the sewage treatment process?
a. Production of toxins
b. Decomposition of organic matter
c. Nitrogen fixation
d. Antibiotic synthesis
Answer: b. Decomposition of organic matter
9. Which microorganism is responsible for the production of citric acid used in the food industry?
a. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
b. Streptococcus thermophilus
c. Aspergillus niger
d. Lactobacillus acidophilus
Answer: c. Aspergillus niger
10. In the bioremediation of oil spills, which microorganisms are often utilized to break down hydrocarbons?
a. Pseudomonas
b. Bacillus
c. Clostridium
d. Staphylococcus
Answer: a. Pseudomonas
11. Which microorganism is used in the production of the antibiotic streptomycin?
a. Penicillium
b. Streptomyces
c. Escherichia coli
d. Bacillus
Answer: b. Streptomyces
12. What is the primary role of Trichoderma in agriculture?
a. Nitrogen fixation
b. Pest control and bio-fertilization
c. Fermentation of food products
d. Antibiotic production
Answer: b. Pest control and bio-fertilization
13. Which microorganism is commonly used in the biopesticide “Bacillus thuringiensis” (Bt)?
a. Bacteria
b. Fungi
c. Virus
d. Protozoa
Answer: a. Bacteria
14. What is the significance of cyanobacteria in agriculture?
a. Nitrogen fixation
b. Antibiotic production
c. Fermentation of crops
d. Soil acidification
Answer: a. Nitrogen fixation
15. In the production of single-cell protein (SCP), which microorganism is often employed?
a. Escherichia coli
b. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
c. Spirulina
d. Lactobacillus
Answer: c. Spirulina
16. Which enzyme produced by microorganisms is used in the process of “enzymatic browning” in food industries?
a. Catalase
b. Amylase
c. Pectinase
d. Lipase
Answer: c. Pectinase
17. What is the role of Methanogens in biogas production?
a. Methane production
b. Oxygen consumption
c. Carbon dioxide fixation
d. Hydrogen sulfide production
Answer: a. Methane production
18. Which microorganism is responsible for the production of the antibiotic tetracycline?
a. Streptomyces
b. Lactobacillus
c. Clostridium
d. Pseudomonas
Answer: a. Streptomyces
19. In the bioremediation of contaminated environments, what is the role of microorganisms?
a. Release of pollutants
b. Breakdown of pollutants into harmless substances
c. Production of more toxic substances
d. Inhibition of plant growth
Answer: b. Breakdown of pollutants into harmless substances
20. Which microorganism is used in the production of the enzyme renin for cheese-making?
a. Streptococcus thermophilus
b. Aspergillus niger
c. Lactobacillus acidophilus
d. Mucor miehei
Answer: d. Mucor miehei
21. Which microorganism is used in the process of bioleaching to extract metals from ores?
a. Escherichia coli
b. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
c. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
d. Streptomyces
Answer: b. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
22. What is the primary role of mycorrhizal fungi in agriculture?
a. Nitrogen fixation
b. Pest control
c. Enhancing nutrient absorption by plants
d. Antibiotic production
Answer: c. Enhancing nutrient absorption by plants
23. Which microorganism is involved in the production of the enzyme amylase used in the starch industry?
a. Lactobacillus
b. Bacillus subtilis
c. Aspergillus oryzae
d. Clostridium botulinum
Answer: c. Aspergillus oryzae
24. In wastewater treatment, which microorganisms play a crucial role in the activated sludge process?
a. Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter
b. Pseudomonas
c. Clostridium
d. Acetobacter
Answer: a. Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter
25. Which microbial product is used as a thickening agent in the food industry?
a. Xanthan gum
b. Lactic acid
c. Citric acid
d. Penicillin
Answer: a. Xanthan gum
26. Which microorganism is used in the commercial production of citric acid?
a. Escherichia coli
b. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
c. Aspergillus niger
d. Bacillus subtilis
Answer: c. Aspergillus niger
27. What is the role of microorganisms in the degradation of organic matter in sewage treatment plants?
a. Production of toxins
b. Decomposition of organic matter
c. Antibiotic synthesis
d. Nitrogen fixation
Answer: b. Decomposition of organic matter
28. Which microorganism is used in the production of the enzyme rennet for coagulating milk during cheese making?
a. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
b. Lactobacillus
c. Mucor miehei
d. Streptomyces
Answer: c. Mucor miehei
29. What is the primary role of microorganisms in the process of bioprocessing or bioconversion?
a. Antibiotic production
b. Fermentation of organic matter
c. Decomposition of plastics
d. Synthesis of vitamins
Answer: b. Fermentation of organic matter
30. Which microorganism is commonly used in the production of probiotics?
a. Escherichia coli
b. Lactobacillus acidophilus
c. Streptococcus pyogenes
d. Bacillus anthracis
Answer: b. Lactobacillus acidophilus
31. Biofertilizers are living organisms that:
1. increase soil nutrients
2. optimize ecological advantages
3. reduce the risks to the environment
4. all of these
Answer- Option (4) is correct.
32. Statins, which reduce blood cholesterol levels, are made by
1. bacteria
2. viruses
3. algae
4. yeast
Answer- Option (4) is correct.
33. What do we refer to as the bacteria that produce biogas as a whole?
1. Archaebacteria
2. Cyanobacteria
3. Eubacteria
4. Methanogens
Answer- Option (4) is correct.
34. What statement about a biogas plant is false?
1. The slurry is covered by a floating cover
2. The biogas plant lacks an exit
3. The slurry is taken out and might be utilized as fertilizer
4. The concrete tank has a depth of 10 to 15 feet
Answer- Option (2) is correct.
35. Which of the following gases is created from cow dung?
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Nitrous oxide
3. Water-gas
4. Gobar gas
Answer- Option (4) is correct.
36. What is IARI’s full name?
1. Indian Ayurveda Research Institute
2. Indian Aeronautical Research Institute
3. Indian Aerospace Research Institute
4. Indian Agricultural Research Institute
Answer- Option (4) is correct.
37. What one of the following influences the kind of gas produced?
1. Cofactors
2. Substrate
3. Catalysts
4. Product
Answer- Option (1) is correct.
38. Which gas listed below is not a component of biogas?
1. CH4
2. H2S
3. CO2
4. H2O
Answer- Option (4) is correct.
39. What kind of media do certain bacteria need to grow on to make biogas?
1. Lignin
2. Cellulose
3. Chitin
4. Cheese
Answer- Option (2) is correct.
40. Solid particles that settle during the first stage of sewage treatment are referred to as
1. Floes.
2. Primary sludge
3. Activated sludge
4. Anaerobic sludge
Answer- Option (2) is correct.
41. To turn fresh milk into curd, the inoculum is applied. By “inoculum,” we mean
1. A starter that is high in vitamin Bp
2. A protein-rich starter
3. A starter that has millions of LABs in it
4. Aerobic digester
Answer- Option (3) is correct.
42. Which of the following statements is false?
1. Male and female gametes fuse to generate zygotes, which are diploid in nature
2. After zygotes undergo reduction division, sporophytes are formed
3. The sporophyte goes through meiosis to create spores
4. Spores sprout to create a new thallus
Answer- Option (2) is correct.
43. Which of the following actions does the Ministry of Environment and Forests do to safeguard rivers from pollution?
1. Action Plans for the Ganga River
2. Narmada River Action Plan
3. Action Plan for Yamuna
4. Both options (1) and (3) are correct.
Answer- Option (4) is correct.
44. Trichoderma harzianum has demonstrated its use as a microbe for
1. Higher plant gene transfer.
2. Biocontrol of soil-borne plant pathogens
3. Reclamation of wastelands
4. Bioremediation of polluted soils
Answer- Option (2) is correct.
45. Sludge produced during wastewater treatment can be handled by
1. Anaerobic digesters.
2. Chemicals
3. Floe
4. Oxidation pond
Answer- Option (1) is correct.